The role of inflammation in chronic diseases"Inflammation is increasingly seen as inherent in the disease process itself in a growing number of chronic and degenerative diseases – for example, in dementia, psychoses, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and cancer." September 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Effects of hypothyroidism on muscle fatigue and metabolites"When metabolic energy fails, as in hypothyroidism, muscles fatigue easily and absorb excess water, and the barrier structure becomes compromised, allowing macromolecules, ATP, and other metabolites to leak out while foreign substances penetrate. Typical muscle enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase appear in the bloodstream in typical hypothyroid myopathy, and cardiac proteins, including a specific form of lactate dehydrogenase and a muscle protein, troponin, appear in the blood following cardiac exertion or fatigue in combination with hypothyroidism or systemic inflammation." September 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The costly adjustments of serotonin production"Different types of stress increase the production of serotonin and various pituitary hormones, leading to adaptive changes in the body, but at the cost of inflammation and degeneration. Studies on several pituitary hormones have shown age-accelerating effects, leading to edema, inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced life expectancy. W.D. Denckla's experiments, demonstrating the strong life-extending effect of pituitary removal combined with thyroid and glucocorticoid hormone supplementation, point to the potential of finding ways to prevent the overproduction of serotonin and its associated hormones and cytokines." September 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Cell stiffness and degenerative changes without a direct link to cholesterol"The actual physical stiffness of entire cells and their environment is very important. For example, excitotoxicity (Fang et al., 2014) and other forms of energy deficiency can stiffen cells, and persistent energy deficiency as well as inflammation lead to degenerative changes—such as tissue calcification, fibrosis, and invasive, disordered cell movement. These stress-induced stiffenings of the cell substance and matrix are not directly related to the local cholesterol level." September 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of lipofuscin in plaque inflammation and calcification"The age-related pigment ceroid or lipofuscin, which is largely derived from PUFAs and associated with the macrophage foam cells in the plaque, accumulates iron (Lee et al., 1998) and, through the catalysis of oxidation, creates local hypoxia, leading to the production of lactic acid and contributing to an inflammatory process. The products of lipid peroxidation, such as azelaic acid (Riad et al., 2018), together with lactate, lead to tissue calcification." September 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of parathyroid hormone and its effects on aging"Phosphate, which is predominant in grains, beans, nuts, meat, and fish, increases our production of parathyroid hormone, while calcium and magnesium inhibit its production. This hormone, which increases with age, suppresses immunity, and in excess it causes insomnia, seizures, dementia, psychoses, cancer, heart disease, shortness of breath and pulmonary hypertension, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, histamine release, inflammation and soft tissue calcification, as well as many other problems." September 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of nutrient-rich foods in normal development and stress"Any food that provides simple nutrients without causing inflammation or blocking enzymes supports the normal development of the animal without activating stress responses." September 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The reduction of parathyroid hormone in connection with obesity and related problems"The reduction of parathyroid hormone through increased calcium and vitamin D intake is closely linked to reduced obesity and the health problems associated with obesity – high blood pressure, insulin resistance, cardiac arrhythmias, depression, and various inflammatory diseases." September 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Systemic effects of inflammation and fatigue on blood sugar and energy efficiency"However, severe inflammation or profound exhaustion lowers blood sugar systemically and delivers large amounts of lactic acid to the liver. The liver synthesizes glucose from the lactic acid, but at the cost of about six times more energy than is gained from the inefficient metabolism – so that this tissue becomes 90 times less efficient at the organismal level than in its original state. In addition, the inactive breakdown of energy molecules (ATP or creatine phosphate) increases the waste even further." Nutrition For Women |
Adrenal gland response to inflammation and stress hormones"When the body detects inflammation or other stress (possibly by perceiving changes in blood sugar, lactic acid, or carbon dioxide – or all of them), its adrenal glands release anti-stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol (provided these glands are not exhausted or deprived). Both adrenaline and cortisol can raise blood sugar to meet the increased demand." Nutrition For Women |
Selye's classification of steroids: anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory."Selye classifies steroids into anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory. Inflammation is a relatively non-specific and hopefully local reaction that serves to isolate the problem if it is a toxin or an infection. Cortisol is a typical anti-inflammatory hormone;" Nutrition For Women |
Immune system failure as a key characteristic of cancer"Cancer patients are typically not even able to generate normal inflammation, as if they were heavily dosed with anti-stress hormones of the cortisone type. The failure of the immune system, which can normally eliminate emerging cancer cells, appears to be a key characteristic of cancer." Nutrition For Women |
Copper's oxidative effect on vitamin C and diseases"Copper is a specific oxidizing agent for vitamin C. It is associated with many inflammatory diseases and should probably be better studied in degenerative diseases, including arthritis and glaucoma." Nutrition For Women |
The role of ATP in healing and growth in animals"Sensory nerves can release ATP into the surrounding tissue, and this appears to be part of their trophic influence on healing and inflammation. AE Needham (Growth Process of Animals) has discussed the possibility that it is a vitamin: when added to the food of animals, it increases their growth. This must have some relevance to our diet, since fresh foods are rich in ATP." Nutrition For Women |
Controversy surrounding temperature in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism"The rejection of Broda Barnes' use of temperature to diagnose hypothyroidism was partly motivated by the belief that a below-average temperature was protective. This deeply held belief probably contributed to the official preference for the relatively inactive thyroxine over the thermogenic thyroid hormone, USP, and T3, as well as to the lack of interest in the link between hypothermia and chronic infections, cardiovascular problems, kidney disease, chronic inflammatory diseases, and other problems that increase with age." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Effect of high body temperature on the reduction of inflammation"The higher rate of oxygen consumption that occurs at higher body temperature corresponds to a high rate of carbon dioxide production and an inhibition of lactate formation, maintaining a more oxidized balance that reduces inflammation." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Relationship between high metabolic rate and longevity at high altitude"In one study (Alhazmi et al., 2018), T3 was four and a half times higher, T4 about three times higher, and TSH (a promoter of inflammation) was reduced by more than 25% in people living at high altitudes. The studies at high altitudes very convincingly show that a high metabolic rate is strongly associated with higher life expectancy and better health." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Cortisol levels and inflammation after menopause"Starting suddenly around the time of menopause, cortisol levels are higher, probably as compensation for the lost stabilizing effects of progesterone and the increasing inflammatory processes resulting from the lower body temperature." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Aromatase activity and hormonal effects in menopause"Aromatase, the enzyme that produces estrogen, is present in muscles, fat, blood vessels, and many other tissues, and its activity is increased by cortisol and decreased by progesterone. The altered activity of these two steroids during menopause may explain the sudden increase in degenerative diseases, inflammation, depression, etc." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Effects of menopause on respiratory and circulatory health"Respiratory and circulatory problems increase with menopause, corresponding to a rise in inflammatory cytokines and cortisol, as well as a decrease in progesterone and thyroid hormone. Both thyroid hormone and progesterone have a thermogenic effect and lower estrogen levels." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Relationship between energy, body temperature and aging"Things that lower energy and body temperature increase some key mediators of inflammation, and these changes are closely linked to the processes of aging." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The adaptive role of inflammation and long-term consequences"Inflammation is a kind of adaptive response, but it leaves behind some fibrotic changes and atrophy of functional cells, as well as an increased tendency to resort to the inflammatory response." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Environmental influences on longevity and inflammation"If lifespan is shortened by the accumulation of changes resulting from inflammatory adaptations, then living in different environments that require different types of adaptation will lead to large differences in lifespan." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Lifestyle choices to slow down aging and promote longevity"Altitude and a dairy-based diet are obviously two important thermogenic factors that slow the accumulation of harmful adaptations, but there are many other modifiable factors that could extend lifespan even further. Reducing pro-inflammatory factors is important, and personal choices can make a big difference, for example, choosing easily digestible foods to reduce endotoxins, avoiding polyunsaturated fats that disrupt cellular respiration and form pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, avoiding antioxidant supplements that create a reductive excess, and choosing foods containing anti-inflammatory, thermogenic compounds, such as citrus fruits with their high flavonoid content, which supports cellular respiratory functions." November 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Survival reactions of stressed cells and long-term consequences"Part of the basic cellular defense response involves enzymes that process toxins in a way that improves the immediate situation, but which can create new problems for the organism if they become chronic. For example, stressed tissues produce carbon monoxide and estrogen, which inhibit apoptosis and promote autophagy, providing a short-term survival advantage. If cells survive in a stressed state under the influence of CO and estrogen, they produce cytokines that affect the sensitivity of surrounding cells to stress and inflammation, and increasingly undergo epigenetic changes, tending to become a different type of cell." November 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of heme oxygenase in progressive phenotypic improvement"The actual function of heme oxygenase is to support a progressive improvement in the organism's phenotype, rather than the aging, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer that are ultimately the result of its activity today. Heme oxygenase and enzymes that produce NO, HCN, and H2S may simply need to be regulated by an organism's response to an enriched environment." November 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
TNF, interferon and estrogen in early embryonic development"In the early embryo, where there are no pathogens, TNF and interferon are present and act as regulators of cell development and differentiation (Li et al., 2014). Estrogen is involved in the embryonic determination of dorso-ventral polarity (Carroll et al., 2014). In the absence of pathogens, these inflammatory signals are morphogens, connections in the organismic field." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Sterile inflammation and field integrity"When the organism is injured, the system's morphogens are activated; if no foreign organism is responsible for the injury, the reaction is called sterile inflammation. In a healthy young organism, the repairs are carried out in such a way as to restore the integrity of the field." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Chronic inflammation and degeneration in organisms with limited resources"If the organism lacks the necessary resources of substance and energy, the distortion of the field persists, possibly exacerbating the deficiencies and leading to a state of chronic inflammation and degeneration. If there is no injury, the same signals guide the ongoing renewal processes." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The respiratory system: the central metabolic route to balance"The field, the integrity of the organism, is maintained by an organized respiratory metabolism, and it can be disrupted by mechanical trauma, excessive stimulation, toxins, etc., or by the lack of oxygen, glucose, or substances that specifically neutralize inflammatory signals." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of estrogen-progesterone polarity in adult tissues"The estrogen-progesterone polarity of pregnancy exists in adult tissues as a polarity of growth and maturation, of inflammation and normalization." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Early research on the harmful effects of estrogen"Almost as soon as purified estrogen became available for research in the 1930s, its ability to cause inflammation, cancer, miscarriages and convulsions was recognized," November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Stress and endotoxins: inflammatory reactions and aromatase activation"Endotoxin, which is absorbed from the gut during stress, promotes many inflammatory responses and activates aromatase." November 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Beyond TSH: Hypothyroidism and systemic metabolic disorders"Due to the inefficient use of glucose in hypothyroidism, fatty acids are mobilized from the tissue, and these contribute to stress and inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, free fatty acids are consistently elevated." November 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Vicious cycle of estrogen and inflammation"Free fatty acids promote the effects of estrogen and increase the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which activate aromatase. Since estrogen increases lipolysis, raises free fatty acids and promotes their conversion into prostaglandins, this stress-initiated process easily becomes a self-perpetuating vicious cycle." November 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Reducing inflammation: Beyond medication to regenerative processes"Less inflammation can allow some regenerative processes to work, but the drugs are not curative. A more biological approach would be to reduce exposure to the factors that damage the thymus or overstimulate B cells." November 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Reducing inflammation: Beyond medication to regenerative processes"Less inflammation can allow some regenerative processes to work, but the drugs are not curative. A more biological approach would be to reduce exposure to the factors that damage the thymus or overstimulate B cells." November 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of DMSO in metabolic efficiency and inflammation reduction"DMSO apparently imparts a certain hydrophobicity to water due to its strong hydrogen-bonding oxygen and methyl groups – at least it seems to lower the effective activity of the water (Berezin, Ugarova, and Silaev, 1973). This could mimic the resting state of protoplasm to some extent, as it appears to improve metabolic efficiency: reducing inflammation and treating intellectual disability are its best-known (apparent) effects." Mind And Tissue Russian Research Perspectives on the Human Brain |
Unresolved cellular excitation signals the need for repair."Unresolved excitation causes cells to send out signals indicating a need for repair – inflammatory signals." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The link between inflammation and susceptibility to disease"Existing inflammation is related to altitude sickness and how easily one becomes ill from a coronavirus, as well as to chronic diseases." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Treating coronavirus by normalizing cell functions"The treatment of a so-called coronavirus infection should consist of reducing cellular excitation and inflammation and normalizing energy production. This also means that these treatments will have beneficial effects on cellular aging." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Inflammatory conditions and the activation of DNA-based exosome systems"The conditions that produce inflammation activate the adaptive exosome system – a retrotransposon system that affects a huge section of our DNA and overlaps with the mechanism of virus production." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Inflammation as a cumulative result of damage"Cumulative damage of all kinds contributes to a background of inappropriate excitation and inflammation." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Chronic stress and its effects on inflammation and energy"In chronic stress, oxidative energy production is low, and inflammatory mediators are likely to be chronically elevated; typically, lactate production is chronically increased and/or its oxidation is reduced." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The effect of stress and lactate on inflammation and exosomes"A decrease caused by stress and/or lactate activates the channels, constricts the smooth muscle of the vessels, and activates a wide range of other cellular activities – including inflammation and exosome release." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of nitric oxide in the treatment of coronavirus and its consequences"Nitric oxide is a powerful oxidizing agent that can destroy viruses, and it also dilates blood vessels. Doctors have almost unanimously recommended it for the treatment of coronavirus infection; however, it is associated with inflammation (Weidinger et al., 2015) and promotes fibrosis – and fibrosis is a secondary condition following coronavirus disease." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of inflammation in the severity of coronavirus disease"Even a barely perceptible background of inflammation increases the likelihood of becoming seriously ill from a coronavirus." May 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Serotonin: Beyond the myth of the happiness hormone"The pharmaceutical myth of serotonin as a 'happiness hormone' has led most people – even researchers – to overlook the fact that it increases inflammation and activates the stress system, while simultaneously reducing the efficiency of energy production." May 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Estrogen, serotonin, and manipulation by the pharmaceutical industry"The manipulation of information about estrogen by pharmaceutical companies was even more extreme than their handling of serotonin. Activated by stress – along with serotonin – it is one of the most important activators of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which activates the pituitary gland and adrenal glands, promotes inflammation, and is an important factor in PPD (Glynn and Sandman, 29014, HahnHolbrook, 2016) – as well as in other forms of depression, aging, and Alzheimer's disease." May 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Inflammation and fibrosis: Precursors to cancer development"In the tissues of the 'cancer field', inflammation and fibrosis are processes that precede and accompany carcinogenesis; therefore, all knowledge relating to the development and resolution of inflammation and fibrosis is relevant to understanding and controlling cancer." May 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of inflammation in immunity and disease treatment"The doctrine that inflammation is a necessary part of immunity and leads to the destruction of the pathogen influences the way diseases are treated." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Nutritional and aging factors in chronic inflammation"Poor diet, aging and other stressors weaken our anti-inflammatory defense mechanisms, leading to chronic systemic inflammation." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The supposed advantages of traits through natural selection"Biologists usually say that every trait found in an organism is the result of natural selection, and it is assumed that it was useful at some point in our history. This assumption tends to support the complex stories that textbooks tell about the role of inflammation in disease and immunity." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of energy failure in developmental defects and inflammation"An energy failure, caused by hypoglycemia or by a disturbance in oxygen utilization, stops the formative developmental processes, and the constructive effects of cytokines can become destructive and cause inflammation – which probably explains a large part of birth defects." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The link between chronic inflammation, aging and degeneration"Prolonged exposure to environmental conditions far removed from the ideal conditions of a healthy pregnancy leads to a systemic inflammatory state, and this chronic inflammation leads to the degenerative processes of aging – with a failure of tissue repair processes." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Heat and insulin in the prevention of inflammation"It is the oxidation of glucose (which produces carbon dioxide), which is promoted by heat and the right amount of insulin and can prevent inflammation." March 2021 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The ubiquitous role of inflammation in degeneration"Inflammation is involved in chronic degenerative conditions, especially atrophy and cancer, and even depression." March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Cellular energy production and inflammation"Disruption of energy production is fundamental to inflammation. When cellular stimulation increases faster than oxygen can be supplied, there is a shift towards glycolytic energy production, with the conversion of glucose and amino acids into lactic acid." March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Silicon dioxide, estrogen and the formation of lactic acid"Small particles of silicon dioxide or other inorganic or organic material (such as plastic) can – as can radiation, oxygen deficiency, sepsis or estrogen – increase the production of lactic acid, and this lactate promotes various features of inflammation, including edema, collagen synthesis, and the growth and movement of cells." March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Immune system: restoration or inflammation"Our so-called immune system recognizes unfavorable changes in the structural-energetic system and reacts silently to restore the system: it removes abnormal structures and facilitates the restoration of function. If the organism's condition is not good, instead of invisible restoration, inflammation occurs—a process in which crude, temporary repairs are made so that the damaged tissue no longer demands resources that are not available. A scar forms; relatively inert, fibrotic tissue replaces the fully functional tissue. This happens progressively with continued exposure to harmful factors and gradually affects the lungs, heart, blood vessels, gonads, liver, kidneys, brain…" March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Inflammation, fibrosis and blockages of energy production"The process of inflammation and fibrosis is triggered as a reaction to anything that blocks sufficient energy production. Very different factors can add up or act synergistically and lead to the same states of inflammation and fibrosis." March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ionizing radiation, particulate matter and the reductive stress caused by excess estrogen“Ionizing radiation, particulate matter and excess estrogen disrupt the system in different ways, but all produce reductive stress, inflammation, collagen synthesis and the loss of differentiated cell functions.” March 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
ATP release, inflammatory factors and sleep rhythms"When cells are excited, they release some ATP into their immediate surroundings, where it signals fatigue or injury and activates the production of inflammatory factors such as TNF-alpha, which promote the sleep-wake cycle." March 2018 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Intensity of lipolysis and disruption of restful sleep"The intensity of lipolysis at night is reduced during the most restorative deep sleep, but the free fatty acids themselves tend to increase lactate and dampen glucose metabolism by blocking the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide, creating an inflammatory and excitatory state that disrupts deep sleep." March 2018 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of endotoxin in the activation of inflammatory processes“Endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide, has a generally stimulating effect that activates cellular inflammatory processes and impairs energy production – mediated by cell products such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, serotonin, histamine, prostaglandins, estrogens, and various cytokines (interleukins and tumor necrosis factor, TNF). Some of these substances pass from the intestine into the bloodstream, others are produced elsewhere in the body; however, some are produced in the brain itself when endotoxin is taken up into the brain.” March 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Stress causes a drop in testosterone and an increase in estrogen."Men's testosterone levels decrease due to stress and aging, and its conversion to estrogen is increased by stress and inflammation. Endotoxin specifically increases the conversion of testosterone to estrogen." March 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Evaluating L-DOPA and alternative treatments for Parkinson's disease"Despite its toxicity, L-DOPA remains the primary medical treatment for Parkinson's disease, although the more appropriate drugs bromocriptine, amantadine, and memantine are also widely used. Anticholinergics, similar to the hyoscyamine and belladonna used by Charcot, are sometimes employed to control excessive salivation. Amantadine and memantine incidentally protect against nitric oxide, serotonin, inflammation, and endotoxin, and protect the mitochondria." March 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Dihydrotestosterone may be more effective than testosterone"Treatment with dihydrotestosterone (which cannot be converted to estrogen) could be more effective than with ordinary testosterone, taking into account the increased aromatase activity associated with age, stress and inflammation, and the likely role of estrogen in the excitatory degenerative process." March 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The relationship between inflammation in the brain and the organs"The inflammatory, degenerative processes in the brain take a few hours to develop, and during these hours, the stress signals from the brain cause changes in the gut that lead to a systemic inflammatory state." March 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Oral progesterone: appropriate response to severe stress"Administering progesterone orally seems appropriate in any severe stress situation, as the gut quickly becomes an amplifier of inflammatory responses." March 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Toxicity of free fatty acids"Free fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated ones, are toxic to the brain: They increase inflammation and block energy metabolism." March 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Stress buffers: Substances that help keep metabolism on track“Several of these substances inhibit the release of free fatty acids and the formation of prostaglandins and reduce nitric oxide, lactate production, inflammation, excitation and cholinergic tone; and what they all have in common is the support of a shift away from a highly reduced state, towards an oxidized, energized equilibrium.” March 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Serotonin's dual effect on blood vessels and inflammation"Although its name, serotonin, is based on its ability to constrict blood vessels, it also increases their permeability. Both effects contribute to its role in fatigue and inflammation – and to the therapeutic effects of serotonin antagonists in various problems, including arthritis (Cloutier, et al., 2012) and traumatic brain injury." July 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ideology distorts the understanding of stress physiology"The ideology surrounding stress physiology, which distorts the importance of serotonin, estrogen, unsaturated fats, sugar, lactate, carbon dioxide and various other biological molecules, has hidden the simple cures for most inflammatory and degenerative diseases." July 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Reduce the harmful effects of too much serotonin“Avoiding prolonged fasting and strenuous training, which increase free fatty acids; combining sugars with proteins to keep free fatty acids low; and using aspirin, niacinamide, or cyproheptadine to reduce the formation of free fatty acids from unavoidable stress; also avoiding an excess of phosphate relative to calcium in the diet, consuming milk and other anti-stress foods before bed or at night, and spending time in a brightly lit environment with regular sunlight exposure during the day—all of this can minimize the harmful effects of excess serotonin and reduce the associated inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy.” July 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The function of the estrogen receptor independent of estrogen"The so-called estrogen receptor can also act without the presence of estrogen if the cell is stressed by hypoxia, ionizing radiation or inflammation; as a result, things that damage the cell can enhance the effect of the estrogen present." July 2018 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Frequent shifts in chronic, degenerative conditions"These shifts towards pseudohypoxia, alkalinity, excitation, water retention and inefficient energy production can be observed – locally or systemically – in all chronic and degenerative conditions that are now known to involve inflammation." July 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Therapeutic potential of carbon dioxide application"The direct application of carbon dioxide should be helpful in all those situations where acetazolamide is known to be beneficial – but without the risk of an allergy to this drug: traumatic cerebral edema, altitude sickness, osteoporosis, epilepsy, glaucoma, ADHD, inflammation, intestinal polyps, and arthritis. Diabetes, cardiomyopathy (Torella et al., 2014), obesity (Arechederra et al., 2013), cancer, dementia, and psychosis may also benefit." July 2017 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Regenerative processes: the enzymatic pathways triggered by injury"In the initial reactions to an injury, the inflammatory changes activate enzymes that support undifferentiated growth." July 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
How cellular “hunger” mechanisms drive cancer metabolism“Cellular starvation, beginning with the tumor focus of metabolic inefficiency, increases inflammation, shifts fuel metabolism and creates pseudohypoxia – in a progressive vicious cycle.” July 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Stress-related parasympathetic dysfunction and tumors"In cases of severe, prolonged stress, the body's stress-limiting parasympathetic nervous system can become counterproductive and promote excitotoxicity, inflammation, and tumor growth." July 2016 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Metchnikoff's phagocytes and inflammatory response"Metchnikoff recognized that phagocytes in body areas far removed from the inflammatory stimulus are attracted to the damaged area, and he investigated their role in tissue repair and embryo development." January 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of inflammation in a universal pathology"Until the beginning of this century, inflammation was mostly seen as a simply constructive part of the local healing process, but it began to be recognized that it plays a universal role in pathology. Tissue damage was no longer viewed as a merely local event. Research was pushed to reconsider Metchnikoff's holistic, developmental view of immunity. Bystander effects—the release of substances by any injured cell that trigger similar damage in other cells, even in distant parts of the body (Koturbash, 2007; Kovalchuk, 2016)—and the associated persistent epigenetic changes are part of innate immunity. This system is activated by adjuvants, as is the adaptive immune system, which produces antibodies." January 2020 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Dual development of steroid hormones in research and commerce"From the 1930s to the 1950s, steroid hormones and their physiological effects were studied in an objective biophysical manner, while at the same time they were being transformed into products by pharmaceutical cartels. Their general properties, including anesthesia, inflammation, and carcinogenesis, were considered within the framework of universal, general properties of cells and tissues." January 2019 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The influence of hypothyroidism on cortisone and inflammation"While hypothyroidism causes the body to need more cortisone to maintain blood sugar and energy production, it also limits the ability to produce cortisone. Thus, in some cases, stress can trigger symptoms resulting from a cortisone deficiency – including various forms of arthritis and more general forms of chronic inflammation." Generative Energy Restoring The Wholeness Of Life |
Estrogen's role in cortisol production and cell damage"Elevated cortisol is a normal response to the cell-damaging effects of stress or inflammation, but cortisol itself causes the death of nerve and immune cells through excitotoxicity by blocking glucose metabolism. Estrogen increases cortisol production in several ways, acting both via the pituitary gland and directly on the adrenal glands." February 2001 |
The role of adrenaline in depression, stress and inflammation"Elevated adrenaline – like elevated cortisol – is a characteristic of depression, stress, and inflammation; by mobilizing fats, it can become part of a vicious cycle in which free fatty acids cause insulin resistance and thereby activate stress responses." February 2001 |
Estrogen's influence on histamine, serotonin, and edema"Histamine and serotonin, as well as other pro-inflammatory factors released by estrogen, are known to contribute to its ability to cause edema. The excess nitric oxide produced under the influence of estrogen is thought to contribute to some edematous, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions." January 2000 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Metabolic and inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis"Both Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis are associated with reduced brain metabolism in combination with an inflammatory process." December 1999 – Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Imperfection and adaptability of organisms under stress conditions"Shock, inflammation, aging, and death have been assigned a survival value – because of this totalitarian view of genetics. Could it not be that organisms are simply not perfect and that some things go systematically wrong? That is to say: An organism has a certain strength, resilience, or adaptability; but if it finds itself under conditions that are too difficult, processes can arise that never contributed to survival in the first place, because several otherwise useful defense mechanisms begin to hinder each other." 1998 – Ray Peat's Newsletter - 4 |
The role of inflammation in aging and degenerative diseases"What we call inflammation provides a good conceptual link between studies on excitotoxicity or cellular stress and newer approaches to treating aging and degenerative diseases, which are based on ideas of regeneration and development. Controlling inflammation thus becomes part of promoting regeneration." 1998 – Ray Peat's Newsletter - 2 |
Relationship between injury potential and inflammation"Injury potential and inflammation are closely related; for example, I found that sunburned skin or skin irritated by the application of a prostaglandin had a negative polarity compared to normal adjacent skin." 1998 – Ray Peat's Newsletter - 2 |
Hypertonic sodium chloride for the treatment of various inflammations"Hypertonic sodium chloride (Clifford White, Lancet, October 80, 1915) was also used to treat infected wounds, and its success in treating war wounds led to its use as a vaginal douche to treat various inflammations and infections, including infections associated with childbirth, salpingitis, cellulitis, gonorrhea, vaginitis, cervical erosions, and to prepare a cancerous cervix for surgery." July 1991 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ray Peat on inflammation
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